Thursday, February 12, 2015

SWINE FLU (THE DEATHLY VIRUS)

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The swine flu virus H1N1 type A influenza, is a human disease. It’s a zoonotic disease which originally was transmitted from pigs to humans and now spreads from one human to another. One can prevent infection by maintaining basic hygiene and wearing a proper surgical mask during flu season. The number of cases shoots up during the summers and monsoon seasons.
Risk Factors
Swine flu is a respiratory illness caused by the swine influenza virus (SIV). The pandemic of swine flu was caused by the SIV sub type H1N1. But other subtypes H1N2, H1N3, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3 can also cause the illness. The virus was termed H1N1 because it mainly exhibited two types of antigens hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1.

The illness is originally known to affect pigs. It is known to have spread to humans who came in direct contact with pigs. The virus is transmitted from person to person through the same medium as other flu viruses. The virus is not transmitted directly by eating cooked pork.

Since swine flu can directly be transmitted from one person to another through air droplets, people who fail to follow proper hygiene, especially in crowded places are at a high risk of contracting the virus.
Symptoms
Most of the symptoms of swine flu are quite similar to regular influenza. Symptoms include:

  1. Fever
  2. Headache
  3. Chills
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Cough
  6. Sneezing
  7. Sore throat
  8. Block nasal passage
  9. Fatigue 



Treatment
Once the patient is tested positive for swine flu, treatment needs to be initiated immediately. According to the National Institute of Communicable Disease (NICD), swine flu can be completely treated if it is diagnosed at a very early stage.

The anti‐viral medicines oseltamivir (Tamiflu/Fluvir) and zanamivir (Relenza) are given to diagnosed patients. Oseltamivir is given to in adults as well as to children below the age of 1 year.

As per NICD, the medicine should be administered within 48 hours of the first symptom. The drugs work by inhibiting the ability of virus to release progeny virus particles.
Prevention
Just like other influenza viruses, H1N1 infection can be prevented by practicing basic hygiene. Here are some tips to prevent swine flu:
  1. Wear a proper surgical mask during flu season because the number of cases shoots up during the summers and monsoon seasons.
  2. Always cover your face while coughing or sneezing. Ensure others around you also follow the same practice, especially if they’re down with cold.
  3. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth too often
  4. Always wash your hands before and after eating and particularly after returning from a public place.
  5. Remember the virus can also spread through droplets that have settled on surfaces so avoid touching them if you’re around a person who has flu like symptoms.
  6. Avoid visiting unhygienic places or using public restrooms.
  7. If you’re in a city/area is swine-flu endemic, wear a standard swine flu mask while going out in public places (the H-95 mask which is worn by nurses and doctors while collecting samples from swine flu victims). Normal surgical masks which sell like hot cakes during swine flu season might not give enough protection.
  8. If you develop flu like symptoms or even feel sick, stay at home and take enough rest. Keeping away from others to prevent the spread of the infection.
  9. Drinking lots of warm water and fluids wash off the virus into the stomach where they cannot survive.

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